Abstract:“New quality productive forces” constitute a strategic lever for achieving leapfrog advances in China’s productive capacity. Spatial planning should proactively guide the spatial deployment of renewable energy production, particularly wind and solar power, and use energy as a medium through which new quality productive forces can emerge. This paper examines the relationships among productive forces, energy, and space. It argues that renewable energy is a foundational condition for the development of new quality productive forces: historically, qualitative transformations in productivity have repeatedly been accompanied by changes in dominant energy forms. Energy transitions also reshape patterns of land-surface use. Wind and solar power overturn the spatial logic of conventional energy systems and give rise to a new form of land use—“spatial energy production”—that both redefines spatial value and challenges existing systems of land use. On this basis, the paper develops a “productive forces–energy–space” analytical framework. Territorial spatial planning bears an important responsibility for managing energy resources embedded across China’s entire territory; however, planning concepts and instruments rooted in the fossilfuel era are increasingly ill-suited to renewable-energy development. It is therefore necessary to return to the fundamental relationship between energy production and space and to innovate spatial concepts, analytical methods, planning tools, and implementation mechanisms.