Abstract: With the rapid development of digital technology, heritage digitization has emerged as a transformative approach for the protection, inheritance, and innovation of cultural heritage. This paper traces the conceptual origins of heritage digitization, drawing from UNESCO charters, and elaborates on its definition and scope, emphasizing the importance of digital technology in safeguarding cultural heritage. Next, the paper analyzes the development process of heritage digitization, from its inception to expansion, demonstrating the increasingly sophisticated application of digital technology in heritage preservation. The paper outlines the technical methods for heritage digitization and discusses their applications in heritage documentation, protection, and display. New insights into heritage digitization research are proposed, including the technology-led transformation of Europe's traditional heritage protection systems, a critical reassessment of authenticity and integrity in the digitization process, and the exploration of social dimensions within heritage digitization. Through case studies, the paper demonstrates the significant value of heritage digitization in both international and Chinese contexts. It argues that heritage digitization is not merely an application of technology, but also a reconceptualization of cultural heritage protection, creating greater opportunities for social engagement. It provides new perspectives and strategies for the sustainable development of cultural heritage.