Abstract: In the context of diminishing land dividends and tightening fiscal resources, the public finance logic of urban regeneration is undergoing profound transformation. Based on a systematic review of 71 core English-language publications, this study examines the evolution of public finance in urban regeneration, theoretical paradigms, fiscal tools, and the roles of urban planning. It identifies four stages in the development of international public fiscal mechanisms for urban regeneration: state-led, market-oriented, finance-driven, and governance-coordinated phases. Each corresponds to distinct theoretical foundations: Keynesianism, neoliberalism, financialization, and fiscal governance. The study further categorizes five types of fiscal tools, showing that urban regeneration funding can derive from land value uplift, tax incentives, risk restructuring among stakeholders, internal revenue circulation, and intertemporal design, in addition to land sales and special-purpose bonds. It reveals the institutional logic by which urban planning is embedded in fiscal revenue generation, resource mobilization, and risk regulation. Drawing on international experience, it highlights short-term incentives, weak coordination mechanisms, and limited equity in China's current public finance system for urban regeneration, and proposes a sustainable fiscal pathway characterized by staged evolution, differentiated responsibility, multi-actor collaboration, and institutional integration with planning systems.