Abstract: The physical examination and evaluation of historical urban areas covers the entire chain of "protection—renewal—control—construction—governance," which is a complex challenge. The key to addressing this issue lies in how the urban physical examination system and the historic city protection system can be procedurally integrated. Based on system coupling theory, this paper explores the construction logic of the historical urban area physical examination evaluation system through an analytical framework of "coupling process (institutional logic)—coupling model (institutional form)—coupling function (institutional goals)." At the institutional logic level, the focus should be on three scales: urban areas, blocks, and buildings. The existing urban physical examination indicators should be extended downward, and the requirements of the historic city protection system should be structurally embedded into the historical urban area physical examination evaluation framework. On this basis, the "historical block—surrounding community" should be fitted as the evaluation unit in practical terms, integrating both protected and non-protected buildings into a comprehensive package to ensure the completion of the physical examination and evaluation tasks. Moving from institutional logic to representational forms, it is further proposed that the existing urban physical examination evaluation system be continually improved through the horizontal linkage of scales such as "urban area—street" and "block—community." The corresponding institutional goals should also connect the urban renewal-oriented physical examination evaluation system with urban governance and the protection and inheritance work, providing theoretical insights to balance the practical dilemmas of protection and renewal.