Abstract: Urban vulnerability encompasses diverse elements including economic, social, cultural, environmental, and management aspects, posing significant challenges for conceptual recognition and quantitative measurement. As the physical vehicle of a city, urban space directly determines overall urban vulnerability. Recognizing this, this study reconceptualizes the notion of urban spatial vulnerability and constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework based on the 'Exposure-Sensitivity-Adaptability' paradigm from a physical space perspective. Taking the urban space of 16 prefecture-level cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle as the research object, we examine the spatial differentiation characteristics and contributing factors of vulnerability and propose targeted optimization strategies. The results demonstrate that the overall urban spatial vulnerability within the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is in a moderate state, exhibiting a spatial pattern characterized by 'high at the northern and southern poles, low in the middle.' Ya'an and Dazhou exhibit exceptionally high vulnerability. Highly complex urban spatial morphology, high building density, geological hazard risks, and a deficit of open spaces emerge as the primary drivers of vulnerability. Based on these findings, we propose corresponding planning and policy recommendations from a spatial dimension to offer scientific guidance for resilient city construction.