Abstract: In contemporary warfare, critical infrastructure often becomes a key economic target in attacks. Therefore, aligning territorial spatial planning with the protection of such infrastructure is essential. China's civil air defense system has two primary tasks: protecting urban population and safeguarding economic targets and critical infrastructure. While the former is addressed through the planning and development of civil air defense projects, the latter remains only partially achieved, although the Chinese government and some provinces have recognized its importance and advocated for its integration into national comprehensive planning and territorial spatial planning. This paper defines and analyzes the concepts of important targets, important economic targets, and critical infrastructure, providing an overview of the current state of critical infrastructure protection planning, with a focus on the evolution of its framework. Furthermore, it explores the vision, mission, goals, and core principles of the four versions of the United States' post-2006 National Infrastructure Protection Plan, examining the planning partnership structure and collaborative mechanisms for risk management and implementation. Drawing on international experiences, particularly those from the United States, the paper offers insights into partnership mechanisms, initiation timing, initial steps, and area for improvement in China's emerging critical infrastructure planning practices.